In the Field · Part 4
Water heaters I: tank. Seismic strapping, the T&P discharge line, expansion tanks, sediment traps, pans, venting, and the garage rules
The tank water heater is the job a residential plumber does most and the job that fails inspection most, for the same six reasons every time. This lesson is those six items with the code section and the exact requirement for each: the two seismic straps and where they go, the T&P discharge line and its eight rules, the expansion tank that a regulator or check valve makes mandatory, the sediment trap, the drain pan and when it is required, and the garage rules for ignition height and vehicle protection. It closes with the replacement sequence as an inspector would check it and with the case in lesson 4.20, where a heater failed twice on items that were on this page.
What the full lesson covers
- Two straps, one in the upper third and one in the lower third of the tank, the lower one at least 4 inches above the controls, anchored to the structure (CPC 507.2; Health and Safety Code 19211 makes it apply to every existing residential heater too).
- The T&P discharge line: full size of the valve outlet, no valves, downward, by gravity, through an air gap to the drain or outside ending 6 inches to 2 feet above grade, not trapped, not threaded at the end, never into the pan (608.5).
- An expansion tank is required whenever a check valve, backflow preventer, or pressure regulator prevents expansion back into the main, on the building side of that device, sized and secured (608.3). Most houses with a regulator need one, and most old installations do not have one.
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More lessons in The Field: Method, Code, and Cases
- 1The diagnostic method: verify, isolate, cheapest test first, cause not symptom, the options ladder, document
- 2Permits: when one is required, what is exempt, pulling it online, the inspection sequence, what inspectors look for, and handling corrections
- 3Daily-use code: drainage slope, venting, water sizing, cleanouts, trap arms, and fixture units, with the section for each
- 4Gas piping in practice: sizing, CSST bonding, the pressure test, appliance connectors and shutoffs, sediment traps, and seismic shutoff valves