Free C-36 Practice Questions: Planning and Estimating
60 free questions with answers, explanations and the official source for each. Answer one to see why. No sign-up.
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A 3-inch horizontal drainage pipe runs 32 feet at the CPC 708.1 slope of 1/4 inch per foot. The starting elevation is 100 inches. What is the ending elevation?
CPC 708.1: horizontal drainage piping slopes not less than 1/4 inch per foot. Ending elevation = 100 - (32 x 1/4) = 92 inches.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) 708.1
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What is the profit margin if a job costs $12,000 and the selling price is $15,000?
A vertical drainage stack will carry 450 fixture units. Under CPC Table 703.2, what is the first pipe size, going up from 4 inch, that can carry that load?
Table 703.2, vertical drainage piping: 4 inch carries a maximum of 256 fixture units and 5 inch carries 600. 450 is more than 256, so 5 inch.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) Table 703.2 (cells)
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A plumbing plan has a scale of 1/4" = 1'-0". A pipe run measures 3 inches on the drawing. What is the actual length?
At 1/4 inch = 1 foot, each foot of pipe is drawn as 1/4 inch: 3 inches / (1/4 inch per foot) = 12 feet.
Source: Arithmetic from the question
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A flat roof measures 60 feet by 30 feet. What is the total drainage area?
According to the CSLB Law and Business book, which of these is an overhead expense rather than a direct cost of a job?
The CSLB Law and Business book: overhead normally includes office rental, supplies and wages, advertising, bad debts, storage charges, and other general administrative costs. Permits, bonds, insurance, and equipment rentals are other direct costs chargeable to individual jobs.
Source: Contractors State License Law & Reference Book, 2026 (B&P, CCR Title 16 Division 8, related codes) (2026) p.64
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Under the CPC 202.1 definition, graywater includes wastewater from which of these?
CPC 202.1: graywater includes, but is not limited to, wastewater from bathtubs, showers, bathroom washbasins, clothes washing machines, and laundry tubs, but does not include wastewater from kitchen sinks or dishwashers. It also excludes any toilet discharge.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) 202.1
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A public restroom has 7 water closets with flushometer valves. Using CPC Table 610.10, what accumulative fixture unit value is assigned to these water closets?
CPC Table 610.10: for 5 or more water closets with flushometer valves, the value is 115 plus 10 for each additional fixture in excess of 5. Here 7 - 5 = 2 extra, so 115 + 10 × 2 = 135 fixture units.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) Table 610.10
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An owner converts a retail store into a restaurant, a change in occupancy as defined in the building code. Under CPC Section 102.6, which requirements must the building's plumbing system meet?
CPC Section 102.6: plumbing systems in a building undergoing a change in use or occupancy shall be in accordance with the requirements of this code that apply to the new use or occupancy.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) 102.6
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CPC Table 1215.2(1) gives capacities of Schedule 40 metallic pipe for natural gas at an inlet pressure of less than 2 psi. What pressure drop is the table based on?
Table 1215.2(1) header: gas natural, inlet pressure less than 2 psi, pressure drop 0.5 in. w.c., specific gravity 0.60.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) Table 1215.2(1)
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A 4-inch building drain runs 40 feet, and the AHJ has approved the reduced slope allowed by CPC 708.1. What is the minimum total fall?
CPC 708.1: 1/4 inch per foot is the rule; a 4-inch or larger building drain may use 1/8 inch per foot only where 1/4 is impractical and the AHJ approves it first. 40 x 1/8 = 5 inches.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) 708.1
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What is the conversion factor for a drawing marked 1/8\" = 1\'-0\"?
At 1/8 inch = 1 foot, one inch on the drawing represents 1 / (1/8) = 8 feet of actual length.
Source: Arithmetic from the question
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A contractor estimates 200 feet of 3/4-inch copper pipe for a project. With a 15% waste factor, the order should be:
Order quantity = base quantity x (1 + waste factor): 200 feet x (1 + 15%) = 230 feet.
Source: Arithmetic from the question
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A designer is sizing the hot water piping separately. Under the notes to CPC Table 610.3, what share of a fixture's listed total fixture unit value may be taken as its separate hot water value?
CPC Table 610.3 notes: the separate cold water and hot water fixture unit values for fixtures with both hot and cold connections may each be taken as three-quarter of the listed total value of the fixture.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) Table 610.3
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A water heater manufacturer's installation instructions conflict with a provision of the plumbing code. Under CPC Section 102.1, which provision prevails?
CPC Section 102.1: where this code, applicable standards, or the manufacturer's installation instructions conflict, the more stringent provisions shall prevail.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) 102.1
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Under CPC Table 610.10, what accumulative fixture unit value is assigned to 3 urinals with flushometer valves?
CPC Table 610.10 assigns urinal flushometer valves decreasing values of 20, 15, and 10, so 3 urinals carry an accumulative 45 fixture units (2 carry 35).
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) Table 610.10
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A 2 inch vent is the size CPC Table 703.2 requires for its load, and its total permitted length is 120 feet. Under CPC Section 904.2, how many feet of it may be installed in a horizontal position?
Section 904.2: not more than one-third of the total permitted length of a minimum-sized vent shall be installed in a horizontal position. 120 / 3 = 40 feet.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) 904.2
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According to the CSLB Law and Business book, labor costs in an estimate include the hourly wage rate plus what?
The CSLB Law and Business book (Bidding and Estimation): labor costs are calculated according to work classification and include not only the hourly wage rate, but also payroll taxes, health and welfare benefits, vacation pay, and required insurance.
Source: Contractors State License Law & Reference Book, 2026 (B&P, CCR Title 16 Division 8, related codes) (2026) p.64
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The CPC conversion table in Section S 102.1 lists 1 foot of water (4°C) as 0.4335 pounds-force per square inch. How many feet of water does 1 psi represent, rounded to two decimals?
CPC S 102.1: feet of water (4°C) x 0.4335 = pounds-force per square inch. So 1 psi = 1 / 0.4335 = 2.31 feet of water.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) S 102.1
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What is the maximum flow rate for a residential lavatory faucet in California?
CPC 407.2.2: the maximum flow rate of residential lavatory faucets shall not exceed 1.2 gallons per minute at 60 psi. Public lavatory faucets are limited to 0.5 gpm at 60 psi (CPC 407.2.1).
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) 407.2.2
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Under CPC 420.2.1 (adopted by BSC-CG and DSA-SS), what is the maximum flow rate for a kitchen faucet at 60 psi?
CPC 420.2.1 [BSC-CG & DSA-SS]: kitchen faucets shall have a maximum flow rate of not more than 1.8 gallons per minute at 60 psi. The general sink faucet limit in CPC 420.2 is 2.2 gpm at 60 psi.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) 420.2.1
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Under CPC Section 610.8 and Table 610.4, what is the minimum diameter of a building supply pipe?
CPC Section 610.8: no building supply pipe shall be less than 3/4 of an inch in diameter. The notes to Table 610.4 repeat it: building supply, not less than 3/4 of an inch nominal size.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) 610.8
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Circuit-vented horizontal branches are connected together. Under CPC Section 911.4.1, each group of how many fixtures, at most, is considered a separate circuit vent?
Section 911.4.1: circuit-vented horizontal branches are permitted to be connected together, and each group of a maximum of eight fixtures shall be considered a separate circuit vent.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) 911.4.1
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A contractor starts a repipe without first obtaining the required permit. Under CPC Section 104.5.2, how much is the investigation fee that is collected in addition to the permit fee?
CPC Section 104.5.2: an investigation fee, in addition to the permit fee, is collected when work starts without a permit, and it shall be equal to the amount of the permit fee that would be required.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) 104.5.2
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A plumber sizes gas piping with the method in CPC Section 1215.1.1. Under that section, what sets the size of each section of gas piping?
Section 1215.1.1: the pipe size of each section of gas piping shall be determined using the longest length of piping from the point of delivery to the most remote outlet and the load of the section.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) 1215.1.1
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A 6 inch horizontal building storm drain is sloped at 1/8 inch per foot, and the design rainfall rate is 4 inches per hour. Under CPC Table 1103.2, what is the maximum allowable horizontal projected roof area it can serve?
Table 1103.2, 1/8 inch per foot slope, 6 inch pipe: 7133 square feet at 3 in/h, 5350 at 4 in/h and 4280 at 5 in/h.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) Table 1103.2
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A contractor appeals an inspector's decision to the Board of Appeals and asks the board to waive a code requirement. Under CPC Section 107.2, can the board waive it?
CPC Section 107.2: the Board of Appeals has no authority relative to interpretation of the administrative provisions of the code, nor is the board empowered to waive requirements of the code.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) 107.2
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The required tests and inspections show that the plumbing work complies with the code. Under CPC Section 105.3.3, what shall the Authority Having Jurisdiction issue to the permittee on demand?
CPC Section 105.3.3: where prescribed tests and inspections indicate that the work is in accordance with the code, a certificate of approval shall be issued by the Authority Having Jurisdiction to the permittee on demand.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) 105.3.3
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Under CPC Section 420.3 and Table 420.3, what is the maximum flow rate of a Product Class 1 (5.0 ounces-force or less) commercial pre-rinse spray valve?
CPC 420.3 and Table 420.3: commercial food service pre-rinse spray valves have a maximum flow rate by product class: Class 1 (≤ 5.0 ounces-force) 1.00 gpm, Class 2 1.20 gpm, and Class 3 (> 8.0 ounces-force) 1.28 gpm.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) 420.3
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A bathtub is being converted to a shower and the existing 1 1/2 inch trap and trap arm will be reused. Under note 9 to CPC Table 702.1, what is the maximum shower size allowed?
Note 9 to Table 702.1: for a bathtub to shower retrofit, a 1 1/2 inch trap and trap arm is permitted with a maximum shower size of 36 inches in width and 60 inches in length.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) Table 702.1
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Under CPC Section 102.1, a requirement within the jurisdiction of the plumbing code conflicts with a requirement of the mechanical code. Which one governs?
CPC Section 102.1: where the requirements within the jurisdiction of this plumbing code conflict with the requirements of the mechanical code, this code (the plumbing code) shall prevail.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) 102.1
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An inspector serves a written notice ordering the work stopped because it is being done contrary to the code. Under CPC Section 106.4, what must the crew do?
CPC Section 106.4: the Authority Having Jurisdiction may order work stopped by written notice, and the persons doing the work shall forthwith stop work until authorized by the Authority Having Jurisdiction to proceed.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) 106.4
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Under CPC Section 610.12.1, what is the maximum velocity allowed in a copper tube hot water system?
CPC Section 610.12.1: maximum velocities in copper and copper alloy tube and fitting systems shall not exceed 8 feet per second in cold water and 5 ft/s in hot water.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) 610.12.1
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A rectangular holding tank measures 5 feet by 4 feet by 3 feet inside. Using the unit conversion table in CPC Section S 102.1, how many U.S. gallons does it hold when full?
5 × 4 × 3 = 60 cubic feet. The CPC Section S 102.1 table multiplies cubic feet by 7.48052 to obtain U.S. gallons, so 60 × 7.48052 = 448.83 gallons.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) S 102.1
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An inspector needs to enter an occupied house to inspect for a code violation. Under CPC Section 103.4, what must the inspector do?
CPC Section 103.4: the Authority Having Jurisdiction may enter a building at reasonable times to inspect, provided that where the building is occupied, it shall present credentials to the occupant and request entry.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) 103.4
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What is the required slope for a 3-inch horizontal drain pipe?
CPC 708.1: horizontal drainage piping slopes at not less than 1/4 inch per foot.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) 708.1
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Under CPC Table 702.1, what is the minimum size trap and trap arm for a urinal with an exposed trap?
Table 702.1 lists a urinal with an exposed trap at a 1 1/2 inch minimum trap and trap arm (2.0 DFU private and public, 5.0 assembly).
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) Table 702.1
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A horizontal wet vent for a bathroom group receives 6 drainage fixture units. Under CPC Section 908.2.2, what is its minimum diameter?
Section 908.2.2: the wet vent shall be not less than 2 inches in diameter for 4 dfu or less, and not less than 3 inches for 5 dfu or more. 6 dfu is 5 or more, so 3 inches.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) 908.2.2
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A valve detail is drawn at a scale of 1/2 inch = 1 foot. A pipe on the detail measures 5.5 inches. What is the actual length of the pipe?
At 1/2 inch = 1 foot, each inch on the drawing stands for 2 feet: 5.5 x 2 = 11 feet.
Source: Arithmetic from the question
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Under CPC Section 104.4.6, where must the set of approved construction documents returned to the applicant be kept while the permitted work is in progress?
CPC Section 104.4.6: one set of approved construction documents, computations, and manufacturer's installation instructions is returned to the applicant and shall be kept on the site of the building or work while the work is in progress.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) 104.4.6
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A gas line serves a furnace (120 cubic feet per hour) and a gas-fired cooling unit (90 cubic feet per hour), and the installation prevents both from running at the same time. Under CPC Section 1215.4, what demand is used to size that section?
Section 1215.4: where gas piping sections serve both heating and cooling appliances and the installation prevents both from operating simultaneously, the larger of the two demand loads is used in sizing those sections.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) 1215.4
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A 3 inch roof drain is sized for a design rainfall rate of 2.5 inches per hour, a rate CPC Table 1103.1 does not list. Using note 2 to the table, what roof area may it serve?
Note 2 to Table 1103.1: for rainfall rates other than those listed, divide the area in the 1 inch per hour column by the desired rainfall rate. The 3 inch drain serves 8800 square feet at 1 in/h: 8800 / 2.5 = 3,520 square feet.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) Table 1103.1
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Your direct labor cost is $2,000. To include overhead (20%) and profit (15%), what would your total bid be?
Add overhead first, then profit on the subtotal: $2,000 x (1 + 20%) x (1 + 15%) = $2,760.
Source: Arithmetic from the question
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A water softener and a tankless water heater will be installed in a building's water supply line. Under CPC Section 610.2, how is the pressure loss through these devices handled when sizing the system?
CPC Section 610.2: where a water filter, water softener, backflow prevention device, tankless water heater, or similar device is installed in a water supply line, the pressure loss through it shall be included in the pressure loss calculations, and the pipe and meter sized for it.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) 610.2
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Under CPC 610.3, the quantity of water required to be supplied to every plumbing fixture is represented by what?
CPC 610.3: the quantity of water required to be supplied to every plumbing fixture shall be represented by fixture units, as shown in Table 610.3. Water supply piping is then sized from the total fixture units served.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) 610.3
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A house has two 1.6 GPF gravity-tank water closets. When the septic tank is sized under Appendix H, how many fixture units does note 6 to CPC Table 702.1 assign to each water closet?
Note 6 to Table 702.1: water closets shall be computed as 6 fixture units where determining septic tank sizes based on Appendix H.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) Table 702.1
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A contractor files a permit application, but no permit is issued. Under CPC Section 104.3.3, when does the application expire by limitation?
CPC Section 104.3.3: applications for which no permit is issued within 180 days following the date of application shall expire by limitation.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) 104.3.3
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A pipe offsets 30 inches using 45-degree fittings. Using the 45-degree constant of 1.414, what is the travel length?
Travel = offset x 1.414 = 30 x 1.414 = 42.42 inches.
Source: Arithmetic from the question
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A school wash sink has 4 sets of faucets. Using CPC Table 702.1 public values, what is its DFU load?
Table 702.1 lists wash sinks at 2.0 DFU for each set of faucets (public and assembly). 4 x 2 = 8 DFU.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) Table 702.1
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A fixture not listed in Table 702.1 discharges intermittently at a rated 20 gallons per minute. Under CPC Table 702.2, how many drainage fixture units is it?
Table 702.2 (intermittent flow only): greater than 15 to 30 gpm equals 4 fixture units. 20 gpm falls in that range.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) Table 702.2
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According to the CSLB Law and Business book, once all the costs of a bid (including overhead) have been totaled, what must the contractor add?
The CSLB Law and Business book (Bidding and Estimation): the contractor must identify the overhead expenses, and when all the costs have been totaled, the contractor must add profit. Omitting the allowance for profit seriously jeopardizes the business.
Source: Contractors State License Law & Reference Book, 2026 (B&P, CCR Title 16 Division 8, related codes) (2026) p.64
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A pressure-reducing valve is installed in the building supply. Under CPC Appendix A Section A 107.2, from where are the developed length and the permissible friction loss computed?
CPC Appendix A Section A 107.2: where a pressure-reducing valve is used in the building supply, the developed length of supply piping and the permissible friction loss shall be computed from the building side of the valve.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) A 107.2
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A lavatory, a bar sink and a drinking fountain share one horizontal branch drain; their private DFU values from Table 702.1 total 2.5. Which is the first branch size in Table 703.2 that can carry that load?
Table 702.1 (private): lavatory 1.0, bar sink 1.0, drinking fountain 0.5, for 2.5 DFU. Table 703.2 allows a maximum of 1 on a 1-1/2 inch horizontal drain and 8 on a 2-inch, so 2 inch is the first size that works.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) Table 702.1
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A 3/4 inch Schedule 40 natural gas line (0.5 in. w.c. pressure drop) serves a furnace at 100 cubic feet per hour and a water heater at 40 cubic feet per hour. The piping runs 30 feet from the meter to the most remote appliance. Under CPC Table 1215.2(1), is 3/4 inch large enough?
The load is 100 + 40 = 140 cubic feet per hour. Table 1215.2(1) gives 199 cubic feet per hour for 3/4 inch pipe at 30 feet, so 3/4 inch is large enough. (95 is the value for the next smaller pipe size.)
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) Table 1215.2(1)
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Site condition change: the water main goes 3 feet deeper and 15 feet more horizontally. Material +$1,200, labor +$2,800. Original contract $42,000. Apply 18% overhead to labor only, then 12% profit to the total. What is the change order amount?
Overhead on labor only: $2,800 x (1 + 18%); add the $1,200 material; then add 12% profit on that total = $5,044.48. The $42,000 original contract does not enter the change order.
Source: Arithmetic from the question
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A floor plan shows 30 feet of 2-inch copper supply pipe. With a 10% waste factor, what quantity should be ordered?
Order quantity = base quantity x (1 + waste factor): 30 feet x (1 + 10%) = 33 feet.
Source: Arithmetic from the question
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Unless the Authority Having Jurisdiction requires otherwise, what design storm does CPC Section 1101.12.1 use to size primary roof drains, gutters, leaders and horizontal storm drains?
Section 1101.12.1: roof drains, gutters, vertical conductors or leaders, and horizontal storm drains for primary drainage shall be sized based on a storm of 60 minutes duration and 100 year return period.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) 1101.12.1
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During a remodel, a fixture is removed and its drain opening is left with nothing connected to it. Under CPC Section 102.4.2, what must be done with that opening into the drainage system?
CPC Section 102.4.2: openings into a drainage or vent system, other than those with plumbing fixtures properly connected or those that are vent terminals, shall be permanently plugged or capped in an approved manner.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) 102.4.2
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The pressure available for friction loss is 24 psi, and the developed length of pipe from the street main to the highest fixture is 160 feet. Under CPC Appendix A Section A 104.4, what is the average permissible friction loss per 100 feet of pipe?
CPC Appendix A Section A 104.4: the pressure available for friction loss divided by the developed length, times 100, is the average permissible friction loss per 100 feet: 24 ÷ 160 × 100 = 15 psi.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) A 104.4
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Water pressure at the street main is 70 psi. The highest fixture is at an elevation 50 feet above the main. Using CPC Appendix A 104.2, what is the static pressure at that fixture (ignoring friction)?
CPC Appendix A 104.2: multiply the difference in elevation by 0.43 to get the loss of static pressure in psi. 70 - (50 x 0.43) = 48.50 psi.
Source: California Plumbing Code (CCR Title 24, Part 5) (2025) A 104.2